Tyranny and Tyrants and How to Avoid Them

            Tyranny and Tyrants and How to Avoid Them

               Published in Marietta Daily Journal Dec. 4, 2016

            Of the French Revolution, de Tocqueville wrote, “The evils which are endured with patience as long as they are inevitable, become intolerable as soon as hope can be entertained of escaping them.”

            In other words, the hope of better things incites people to act.  So was it in the presidential election.  New voters, formerly cynical about politics and government, came out of the woodwork.  So is it also in regard to the recent death of Fidel Castro, one of the world’s longest ruling tyrants.

            Castro’s death brings to mind de Tocqueville’s ruminations.  It also inspires questions about tyranny and tyrants.  Why would anyone want to be a tyrant or an absolute monarch, lording it over people?   Why would anyone want to either lead or send out vast armies in order to build an empire over which to rule?  How do we explain an Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Stalin, Hitler, Mao, or Castro?  Why has the world had to endure them?

            Castro’s entire adult life was spent living out the very definition of tyrant. In 1959 at age 33, Castro and his rebels seized control of Cuba.  The New York Times applauded him, and so did the good ole Reader’s Digest and most Americans.  After all, the object of Castro’s rage was dictator Fulgencio Batista.  Let’s just say Batista was one of the world’s worst men.  He needed to be toppled.

            But only to be replaced by an equally power-hungry tyrant?  Castro moved fast.  Only 18 months after seizing power, he nationalized U.S. owned oil refineries.  Relations between Cuba and the U.S. from that point to today are well known.            

 The failed Bay of Pigs invasion, actually staged by Cuban exiles, and supported by President Kennedy, embarrassed America.  Our prestige was restored a year and a half later when our blockade of Cuba forced the Soviet Union to remove her nuclear missiles lodged 90 miles from Miami.

            Thirty-six days shy of 58 years, the sneering, cigar-chomping Castro sat atop his little island empire, having taken over almost all private businesses (but, of course; he declared Cuba a socialist state 2 years after seizing power), executing hundreds of his opponents, sentencing dissidents to prison, and hobnobbing with the world’s most notable tyrant thugs. 

            So why did Barbara Walters interview Castro so adoringly?  Why are so many American liberals and college students (I repeat myself) praising him so effusively now?

            More importantly, what gives rise to a Castro and other tyrants like him who dot the trail of world history?  Whether petty tyrants or emperors, their evil minds have led to more human misery than have natural disasters.  What drives them? Why must they conquer and control?

            I’m guessing that each of them has a void within.  They are needy.  We know that Alexander and Napoleon were.  Their towering ambition, according to biographers, masked a need to be known, seen, and affirmed.  What most of us perceive as a supersized ego is actually a supersized hole, an emptiness that cries, “At some level of my existence, I am nobody. I need to be somebody.”

            So is it true of many a manager, a department head, a principal, a CEO, an employer of any stripe, or even a religious leader.  Running the show assuages their need.

            This analysis doesn’t fit everyone who leads or seeks leadership.  Compare the tyrants named above to Cincinnatus, Lincoln, Reagan, Rome’s “good emperors,” or even Mike Pence.  Ambition has taken no toll on these men.  The world has been blessed with many leaders whose motives are genuinely altruistic.

            Even so, we foolishly disregard history if we think the time will never come when a charismatic figure could lead America from a representative republic to an autocracy.  Hard times and prolonged disenfranchisement have more than once led law-abiding citizens to act uncharacteristically. 

Ironically, those who burn flags and put down the freest country in the world are fanning the flames of tyranny.  In stretching freedom so far, they tempt others to restrict it.

No one has a better opportunity for improving the human condition, for alleviating hardship, all the while expecting excellence, than do those in positions of leadership.  This is true not just of political leaders but of the boss of only four employees down at the body shop.

“He that ruleth over men must be just.”  Tyrants are neither leaders nor just.  They are drivers.  They crush men’s souls. We avoid their evil only with Jefferson’s “eternal vigilance.”

Good leaders successfully woo and inspire.  We have never needed them more than now.

             

Roger Hines

11/30/16